Agate is a kind of very common jade, which is mainly composed of silica and aphanitic jade. At present, there is a large amount of excavated jade in the world.
Chalcedony and agate belong to the same kind of jade. Those with high transparency and no texture are called chalcedony.
1、 Colorful agate world:
Agate is rich in color, including white, red, black, yellow, green, blue, pink, purple and other colors. It is because there are different mineral elements in the interior, leading to different coloration performance.
Note: water grass Agate Bracelet
Note: Nanhong agate Maitreya Bracelet
Note: agate carving in Yanyuan
2、 South red agate, Warring States red agate, chicken liver agate:
Nanhong agate is the most well-known. It has been found in the world that Nanhong agate was used at least before the Han Dynasty. At present, there are also some handed down Ming and Qing Nanhong agates on the market.
Note: red agate of the south of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
At present, the producing areas of Nanhong include Diebu of Gansu Province (called gannanhong), Baoshan of Yunnan Province (diannanhong and baoshancai), Liangshan of Sichuan Province (Chuancai), Shuizi of Jinshajiang River, Africa and Outer Mongolia.
The Warring States red agate is produced in Beipiao and Xuanhua, commonly known as Beipiao and Xuanhua materials.
Note: Warring States red agate
Usually when we read "Warring States red agate", in fact, we should break the sentence "Warring States red agate". Xiaohuo thinks that the naming of Warring States red agate is not too far fetched, and indeed has a basis.
The red onyx beads and rings of the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period unearthed in China can be confirmed by the unearthed beads.
Note: Red Onyx Ring unearthed in spring and Autumn period and Warring States Period
It can be seen from the picture that the color and texture are very similar to the unearthed agate rings.
It is assumed that after the discovery of this kind of Onyx with red and yellow color in Beipiao and Xuanhua, it is very similar to the unearthed spring and Autumn period and Warring States period, hence its name.
Chicken liver agate is also a kind of polychrome agate, red, green, yellow, brown and so on. Its light transmittance is not strong, and part of the jade like materials have better light transmittance.
For example, rubite was used as an imitation of southern red agate in the previous years.
Note: Ruby stone
It is similar to the rubite material we usually know. At present, the material called Alashan agate should also be included in the category of chicken liver agate.
Note: Alashan Agate Bracelet
The use of the chicken liver agate can also be extended to the Han Dynasty. At present, many beads of the chicken liver agate have been unearthed in Western Asia.
Note: Millennium Green Chicken Liver agate beads
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3、 The aging trace of agate:
The texture and structure of agate determine its special aging trace, which was discovered by Li Siguang, a Chinese geologist.
Manifesting on agate are fingernail pattern and horseshoe pattern.
In fact, it's easy to understand that Hotan jade seed material rolls and collides in the river, producing sweat pores. Similarly, agate rolls and collides in the river, producing horseshoe patterns. The reason why the aging characteristics are different is that the materials are different.
These have been fully confirmed in the seeds of Nanhong agate and Jinsha River.
Note: Nanhong agate water seed
This kind of aging trace is also reflected in many handed down old agate beads, so horseshoe pattern has also become one of the characteristics of identifying new and old agate beads.
Note: horseshoe pattern of old agate beads
4、 Optimization and dyeing technology of agate:
In fact, optimization is to change the color of agate. Thousands of years ago, ancestors had found that red agate (chalcedony) would become darker when exposed to sunlight, which is the change of color of agate under natural conditions.
The dyeing technology of agate has been started 4500-5000 years ago. The basic dye is used to draw the totem on agate, which has been used up to now.
Note: the first stage of agate beads unearthed in the Indus and Lianghe river basins
In the iron age, the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, agate dyeing technology once again appeared on a large scale. The well-known pearl of heaven is the dyed Agate Bead of this period.
Whether it's the most pure celestial orb, or zosi celestial orb, or other side celestial orbs, all belong to this period.
Note: cuosi tiger tooth pattern Tianzhu
When dyeing agate, we will find that crystal and onyx are not easy to be dyed.
This feature is especially obvious on the zosi Tianzhu.
Therefore, we think of another kind of beads, pharmacist beads (including new pharmacists and old pharmacists).
The color of the old pharmacist's beads is different, some are gray, some are brown, some are black.
Note: old pharmacist Zhu
On the contrary, most of the new medicine Shizhu are black and white with uniform color.
Note: Shizhu, a new medicine
Whether the new medicine Shizhu is dyed or not is uncertain for the moment, but at least it is not difficult to dye the black and white effect.
Think boldly again, some old pharmacist beads, black and white are clear also through the dyeing process?
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