Applications of Silica
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Silica, as an important inorganic fine chemical material, boasts high specific surface area, porosity, chemical stability, and excellent reinforcing properties, demonstrating wide application value in numerous fields. It is an indispensable "industrial MSG" for modern industry.
I. Basic Application Areas
Rubber Products
Tire Manufacturing: As a key reinforcing material for "green tires," silica can reduce rolling resistance by 3.7% and improve wet skid resistance, enabling tires to achieve the highest EU tire label A rating in terms of wet braking, rolling resistance, and noise.
White/Colored Rubber Products: Adding a small amount of fumed silica to ordinary rubber can make the product's strength, wear resistance, and aging resistance reach or exceed those of high-grade rubber products, while maintaining long-term color consistency.
Medical Silicone Rubber Catheters: Improves the strength and flexibility of catheters to meet the special requirements of medical equipment.
Plastics Industry Applications
Polystyrene Film Modification: Adding silica makes the plastic denser, improves transparency, strength, and toughness, and significantly enhances waterproof and anti-aging properties.
PVC Doors and Windows: Adding a small amount of precipitated silica significantly improves the hardness, smoothness, and anti-aging properties of PVC doors and windows.
Polypropylene Railway Fittings: Modifying polypropylene with precipitated silica allows product performance indicators to reach or exceed those of engineering plastic nylon, enabling its substitution and significantly reducing product costs.
Coatings and Inks Industry:
Exterior Wall Coatings: Precipitated silica improves the washability, artificial accelerated weathering, and artificial radiation exposure aging time of coatings, significantly increasing the bonding strength and hardness between the coating film and the wall.
Matte Coatings: Precipitated silica can be used as a matting agent in matte coatings with a gloss level ≤30°, enhancing the decorative effect.
Industrial Protective Coatings: Improves the wear resistance and weather resistance of anti-corrosion coatings for concrete structures and floor coatings.
II. Special Application Areas
Building Material Innovation
Sealants/Adhesives: Precipitated silica forms a silica structure in sealants, inhibiting colloid flow, accelerating curing speed, improving adhesion, and extending service life to 15-20 years. High-performance concrete: Adding precipitated silica can increase the compressive strength of concrete by 10%-20%, the flexural strength by 15%-30%, reduce porosity to 12%-15%, and enhance impermeability and frost resistance.
Prefabricated buildings: Used for waterproof sealing of joints in precast components, improving the overall integrity of the building.
Cosmetics and personal care:
Sunscreen products: Silica is an inorganic component with strong UV reflection and good stability. It does not decompose or change color after being exposed to ultraviolet light, and can protect against both UVB and UVA1.
Foundation and concealer products: Due to its white nature, it is easy to color and can be used as a base ingredient to improve the coverage and texture of the product.
Toothpaste abrasive: As a toothpaste-grade precipitated silica, it has high whiteness (≥95%), good thixotropy and suspension properties. The addition amount is controlled at 3-8% to balance cleaning power and taste. Food Industry Applications
Thickening and Stabilizing Agents: Increase viscosity and smoothness in dairy products, improving taste and texture; stabilize suspended matter in beverages, improving visibility and stability.
Pastry Improvers: Enhance dough extensibility in bread and pastries, improving texture and softness.
Confectionery and Chocolate: Increase gloss and flavor, improving food quality.
Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development
Bio-based Silica: Modified bio-based silica produced from rice husks and carbon dioxide can reduce tire rolling resistance by 3.7%, fatigue temperature rise by 15%, and improve durability by 4.5%, achieving green manufacturing.
Paper Wastewater Recycling: Treat lignin from the papermaking process and apply it to tires, reducing pollution and lowering tire carbon emissions.
Waste Tire Recycling: Recover carbon black from waste tires, achieving resource recycling and reducing carbon emissions.
III. Frontier Application Exploration
Aerospace Field
* Thermal Insulation Materials: Compared to traditional materials, silica-based thermal insulation materials achieve superior thermal insulation performance with lighter weight and smaller volume, and are used in aircraft thermal insulation and soundproofing materials.
* Sealing Components: Used to manufacture sealing strips resistant to high temperatures (above 250℃) and low temperatures (below -60℃), ensuring the sealing performance of aerospace vehicles in extreme environments.
* Structural Reinforcement: Composite materials with added silica are used in important components such as aircraft structural parts and engine nozzles, improving the safety and performance of aircraft.
Electronics and New Energy Field
* Electronic Packaging Materials: Dispersing surface-treated fumed silica in an organosilicon-modified epoxy resin encapsulant matrix can shorten the curing time of encapsulant materials to 2.0-2.5 hours and lower the curing temperature to room temperature.
* New Energy Vehicle Tires: By modifying the internal structure of silica, tire rolling resistance is reduced, wear is decreased, and the range of new energy vehicles is improved.
* Battery Separator Materials: Silica used in battery separators (membranes) can extend battery life and resist corrosion.
Medical and Biotechnology
Drug Carriers: Utilizing the large specific surface area, mesoporous structure, and strong adsorption capacity of fumed silica, functional drug ions are uniformly designed into the mesopores on the surface of fumed silica to achieve sustained release and targeted drug delivery.
Antibacterial Materials: By uniformly designing functional ions such as silver ions into the mesopores on the surface of fumed silica, highly efficient, long-lasting, high-temperature resistant, and broad-spectrum antibacterial nanoparticles have been developed, achieving an antibacterial rate of over 99%.
Biosensors: The high specific surface area and chemical stability of fumed silica make it an ideal substrate material for biosensors.