White carbon black is an important industrial raw material widely used in various fields such as rubber, plastics, coatings, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, etc. The production processes mainly include precipitation method and gas-phase method. The following is a detailed introduction to these two processes:
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1. Precipitation method
The precipitation method is currently the most commonly used production process for white carbon black, which mainly converts silicon sources into white carbon black through chemical reactions. The specific steps are as follows:
(1) Raw material preparation
The precipitation method usually uses sodium silicate as the silicon source and sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, or carbon dioxide as the precipitant.

(2) Reaction process
Reacting water glass solution with acid to produce silica precipitate. The reaction equation is:
By controlling the reaction temperature, acid concentration, and reaction time, the particle size and specific surface area of white carbon black can be adjusted.

(3) Post processing
The silicic acid precipitate generated by the reaction is filtered and washed to remove impurities, then dried and calcined to finally obtain white carbon black.

(4) Advantages
The production cost is relatively low.
The process is relatively simple and suitable for large-scale production.

(5) Disadvantages
The product quality is relatively low compared to the gas-phase method.
Wastewater may be generated during the production process and requires environmental protection treatment.

2. Gas phase method
Gas phase method is a high-end production process for white carbon black, mainly used to produce high-purity and high specific surface area nano silica.
(1) Raw material preparation
The main raw material for gas-phase method is silicon tetrachloride, supplemented by hydrogen and oxygen.

(2) Reaction process
Silicon tetrachloride undergoes chemical vapor deposition reaction with hydrogen and oxygen at high temperatures (1000-1800 ℃) to produce gas-phase silicon dioxide. The reaction equation is:
The generated silica particles are extremely fine and need to be collected through collectors and cyclone separators.

(3) Post processing
The collected white carbon black needs to undergo deacidification treatment, adjust the pH value to 4-6, and finally obtain the finished product.

(4) Advantages
The product has high purity, small particle size, and large specific surface area.
Suitable for high-end application fields such as electronics, aerospace, etc.

(5) Disadvantages
High production costs and complex processes.
High equipment requirements and high energy consumption.

3. New production processes
In recent years, with the requirements of environmental protection and sustainable development, some new processes have gradually been explored and applied, such as:
Microwave assisted process: using microwave heating to improve reaction efficiency and reduce energy consumption.
Biological method: The synthesis of white carbon black through microbial or enzymatic catalysis has advantages such as environmental friendliness and resource sustainability.
summary
The precipitation method and gas-phase method are the two main processes for producing white carbon black, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The precipitation method is suitable for large-scale production of ordinary white carbon black, while the gas-phase method is used for producing high value-added nano silica. With the advancement of technology, the production process of white carbon black will become more environmentally friendly and efficient.