SiO2 aerogels have unique low temperature, high specific surface area and high porosity due to their unique microstructure. These characteristics make it have unique and excellent properties in thermal, optical, electrical, acoustic and other aspects. It can be used as high-efficiency thermal insulation materials, acoustic impedance coupling materials, low dielectric insulation materials, catalysts and catalyst carriers, among which high-efficiency thermal insulation materials are widely used. "
There are 4 main types of silica aerogels in the field of thermal insulation: aerogel powder / particle, aerogel blanket, aerogel sheet, aerogel glass.
Aerogel Powders / particles
The preparation methods of SiO2 aerogel powder are very mature. There are two main types:
Large aerogels were prepared by supercritical method and then aerogel powders with different diameters were prepared by different crushing methods.
Aerogel powders were prepared by atmospheric drying.
Because the powder material is not easy to form, SiO2 aerogel powder is not generally used as thermal insulation material. However, it can be used as interlayer and filling layer of functional structural materials, or as thermal insulation materials by composite and bonding with other materials.
Aerogel felt
Aerogel felt compounded the SiO2 aerogel in the wet sol stage with fiber reinforced material, and then made aerogel felt after gelation and drying. The method has the characteristics of heat insulation and insulation, and effectively solves the problems of low mechanical strength, fragile and easy cracking of aerogels through composite.
Schematic diagram of SiO2 aerogel felt production
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Aerogel felt fiber reinforced materials can be classified into two categories: one is toughness, the other is high temperature resistant inorganic fibers.
Aerogel felt products have good thermal insulation effect, hydrophobic property and excellent flexibility. They are ideal thermal insulation materials and are widely used in thermal insulation fields of various industries, such as aeronautics and Astronautics, thermal insulation of various kinds of industrial pipelines, tanks and other cambered equipments.
Pneumatic rubber sheet
The aerogel is similar to aerogel felt and is made of composite material by aerogel and other materials. The difference is that the GAC is not made in the sol stage and fiber material composite, but pure aerogels and fibers, particles, mortar, metal, organic polymer and other composite rigid plate. Aerogel plates can be applied to military, aviation and aerospace fields as well as industrial insulation materials such as buildings and cryogenic containers.
Aerogel glass
Aerogels are transparent in addition to low thermal conductivity, low density and flame retardancy. Pure SiO2 aerogels have high transmittance similar to glass, but the ultimate tensile strength of aerogels is small, brittle and fragile, resulting in the difficult application of aerogel products as glass. There are two main categories of aerogel coated glass and vacuum interlayer aerogel glass.
Aerogel coated glass is a layer of aerogel film on the surface of ordinary glass to improve its thermal insulation performance; vacuum laminated glass is filled with aerogel materials in insulating glass, and is divided into two types according to the shape of aerogels in the sandwich: SiO2 aerogel particles with interlayer filler and monolithic aerogels.
Glass (A) prepared by granular aerogels
Glass made from monolithic aerogels (B)
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