41. Welders are exposed to a variety of occupational hazards such as silica dust, manganese oxide, fluoride, ozone, dust or aerosols mixed with various trace metals and nitrogen oxides.
42. Organic dust refers to the particles of organic matter floating in the air, including the particles and micro drops of plant, animal and microbial origin.
43. The eight word policy of dust comprehensive treatment is "leather", "water", "density", "wind", "protection", "management", "education" and "inspection".
44. Productive poisons refer to the toxic substances that are often contacted in production, also known as industrial poisons. The most important way to enter the human body is the respiratory tract.
45. Asphyxiating gas refers to a kind of harmful gas, which is absorbed by the body, and can make the supply, intake, transportation and utilization of oxygen obstructed, so that the whole body tissue cells can not get or use oxygen, resulting in the hypoxia asphyxiation of tissue cells.
46. Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless, flammable and highly toxic gas with strong rotten and rotten egg odor. The systemic toxic effect caused by respiratory tract absorption leads to intracellular asphyxia and multiple organ damage mainly in the central nervous system. If exposed to high concentration, it can suddenly fall down in a few seconds and stop breathing.
47. The key to successful rescue of acute cyanide poisoning is early diagnosis, immediate use of antidotes and supportive therapy. The most effective antidote is nitrite plus sodium thiosulfate.
48. Carbon monoxide, commonly known as "gas", is a colorless, tasteless, non irritating and highly toxic gas. It can enter the human body through the respiratory tract. After entering the human body, it can quickly diffuse and penetrate the alveoli, combine the capillaries with hemoglobin, which makes hemoglobin lose the oxygen carrying function and lead to tissue hypoxia.
49. Irritant gas refers to a kind of gas substance which can stimulate the mucous membrane and skin of eyes, respiratory tract and cause inflammation and pulmonary edema as the main pathological changes of the body.
50. Ammonia is a colorless and pungent gas under normal condition, which is easy to change into colorless liquid, and its aqueous solution is ammonia water.
51. Inhalation of extremely high concentration of chlorine may cause vagal reflex cardiac arrest or laryngospasm, resulting in "shock like" death.
52. Acute poisoning of phosgene, nitrogen dioxide, chlorine and sulfur dioxide (irritant gas) can lead to pulmonary edema, which has a strong irritant effect on eyes and respiratory tract.
53. Sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid have strong stimulation and corrosion on skin, mucous membrane and other tissues.
54. Hydrogen arsenide is the simplest arsenic compound, highly toxic and combustible gas, colorless and with garlic odor. It is a strong hemolytic poison. The product of erythrolysis can block renal tubules and cause acute renal failure.
55. Arsenic and its compounds can cause poisoning, lung cancer, skin cancer and ulcer.
56. Ozone is very irritant to the upper and lower respiratory tract. After inhalation of ozone, dry throat, cough, expectoration and chest tightness may occur.
57. Lead is inhaled into human body or contacted through skin in the form of lead smoke or dust. After water and food invade human body through digestive tract, they are stored in the "storehouse" of bone marrow, liver, kidney, spleen and brain, and then slowly released into the blood, causing chronic poisoning.
58. Lead poisoning is characterized by abdominal colic, anemia and peripheral neuropathy. Lead colic often occurs around the umbilicus. The first drug to expel lead poisoning is calcium disodium edetate.
59. Mercury enters the body mainly in the form of vapor through the respiratory tract. It mainly damages the nervous system, respiratory system, digestive system and urinary system. The characteristics of chronic mercury poisoning are excitability, stomatitis and intentional tremor. The first choice of drugs for the treatment of mercury removal is the antidote containing sulfhydryl group (sodium dimercaptosuccinate, sodium dimercaptopropylsulfonate).
60. Occupational cadmium poisoning is mainly caused by inhalation of cadmium dust or cadmium compound dust. A large amount of inhalation can cause acute pneumonia and pulmonary edema; chronic poisoning can cause pulmonary fibrosis and renal disease.
Common students of occupational disease prevention and control knowledge
Wuhai occupational disease prevention and Control Institute
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